Sustentabilidade
The Health Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation
2010 Recommendations of the European Committee on Radiation Risk
(http://www.euradcom.org/2011/ecrr2010.pdf)
.......
With regard to internal radiation doses, the (ECRR) Committee identifies a serious misuse of scientific method in the extension and application of the ICRP external model. Such a process involves deductive reasoning. It falsely uses data from one set of conditions— high-level, acute, external exposure— to model low-level, chronic, internal exposure. The procedure is scientifically bankrupt, and were it not for political considerations, would have been rejected long ago....
.... The release of radioactive materials into the environment results in the contamination of living organisms.
This internal radiation exposure and external radiation from the same radioactive materials in the environment cause damage to cells. Recent research into genomic instability and bystander signalling suggests that such exposure results in death or mutation in roughly a third of all somatic or genetic stem cells intercepted by a radiation track.
One high-impact consequence of this is that a small proportion of the descendants of these irradiated cells may become cancerous and kill the individual.
Other consequences are that the general loss of cells to the organism may result in both specific and general impairment of health.
Third, these effects in germline cells are not restricted to the exposed individual and may be passed on to the next generation.
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Sustentabilidade
Relatório impressionante do Instituto de Radioprotecção e de Segurança Nuclear sobre Fukushima
Japanese artist Isao Hashimoto has created a beautiful, undeniably scary time-lapse map of the 2053 nuclear explosions which have taken place between 1945 and 1998, beginning with the Manhattan Project's "Trinity" test near Los Alamos and concluding with Pakistan's nuclear tests in May of 1998. This leaves out North Korea's two alleged nuclear tests in this past decade (the legitimacy of both of which is not 100% clear).
Each nation gets a blip and a flashing dot on the map whenever they detonate a nuclear weapon, with a running tally kept on the top and bottom bars of the screen. Hashimoto, who began the project in 2003, says that he created it with the goal of showing"the fear and folly of nuclear weapons." It starts really slow — if you want to see real action, skip ahead to 1962 or so — but the buildup becomes overwhelming.
http://www.ctbto.org/specials/1945-1998-by-isao-hashimoto/
Each nation gets a blip and a flashing dot on the map whenever they detonate a nuclear weapon, with a running tally kept on the top and bottom bars of the screen. Hashimoto, who began the project in 2003, says that he created it with the goal of showing"the fear and folly of nuclear weapons." It starts really slow — if you want to see real action, skip ahead to 1962 or so — but the buildup becomes overwhelming.
http://www.ctbto.org/specials/1945-1998-by-isao-hashimoto/
Evaluation au 66eme jour des doses externes projetees pour les populations vivant dans la zone de retombee nord-ouest de l’accident nucleaire de Fukushima
(Assessement at 66th day of external doses for people living in the area of Fukushima)
(Assessement at 66th day of external doses for people living in the area of Fukushima)
http://www.irsn.fr/FR/Actualites_presse/Actualites/Documents/IRSN_Rapport_Evaluation_Dosimetrique_Fukushima_16052011.pdf
Le 56ème jour après l’accident, le MEXT a publié les première cartes de dépôts des césiums qui révélaient des valeurs très importantes et comparables à celles des territoires les plus contaminés de Tchernobyl, y compris au-delà de la zone initiale d’évacuation de 20 km de rayon autour de la centrale japonaise. Une nouvelle évaluation dosimétrique a été réalisée par l’IRSN au 66ème jour pour estimer les doses par irradiation externe liées aux dépôts, projetées sur 3 mois, 1 an et 4 ans.
Les doses projetées qui sont estimées atteignent des valeurs particulièrement significatives, supérieures à 200 mSv, qui ne sont plus dans le champ dit des faibles doses selon l’UNSCEAR.
Ces niveaux de doses ne prennent pas en compte les doses reçues lors du passage du panache sur les territoires concernés ni celles déjà reçues ou à venir liées à l’alimentation.
Les doses efficaces totales (externe + interne) pourraient être augmentées notablement selon le type de dépôt (sec ou humide), le régime alimentaire et la provenance des aliments.
Les surfaces fortement contaminées situées en dehors de la zone d’évacuation initiale des 20 km autour de la centrale de Fukushima seraient de 8,5 % de celles de Tchernobyl (874 km2 à comparer à 10 300 km2) et l’ordre de grandeur de la taille de la population concernée serait de 26 % de celle de Tchernobyl (69 400 personnes à comparer à 270 0000).
L’effectif des populations impliquées pourrait être également significatif, de l’ordre de 70 000 personnes dont 9 500 enfants de 0 à 14 ans (les enfants au Japon représentant 13,7% de la population en 2005).
La comparaison des doses externes reçues pendant 4 ans par les 270 000 personnes ayant vécu sur les territoires fortement contaminés par l’accident de Tchernobyl à celles qui sont susceptibles d’être délivrées sur la même durée aux 70 000 personnes qui résident dans la zone nord-ouest de la centrale de Fukushima Daiichi montre qu’une frange de la population japonaise serait plus impactée que celle de Tchernobyl. Aux doses les plus élevées (au dessus de 100 mSv en 4 ans), la taille de la population impactée à Fukushima (3100+2200, soit 5300 personnes) est plus élevée que celle Tchernobyl (2800+530+120, soit 3450 personnes).
.......
(B) Some problems to be addressed :
Even if these data are quite alarming
it should be noted that all these assessments are based on the standard ICRP model,
a model which could be used still for the assessment of external exposure to massive doses ...
but which is completely inadequate to assess the effects of prolonged internal exposure to small-medium-large daily doses of radiation:
About this issue, look at The Health Effects of Exposure to Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation
2010 Recommendations of the European Committee on Radiation Risk
(http://www.euradcom.org/2011/ecrr2010.pdf)
.......
With regard to internal radiation doses, the (ECRR) Committee identifies a serious misuse of scientific method in the extension and application of the ICRP external model. Such a process involves deductive reasoning. It falsely uses data from one set of conditions— high-level, acute, external exposure— to model low-level, chronic, internal exposure. The procedure is scientifically bankrupt, and were it not for political considerations, would have been rejected long ago....
.... The release of radioactive materials into the environment results in the contamination of living organisms.
This internal radiation exposure and external radiation from the same radioactive materials in the environment cause damage to cells. Recent research into genomic instability and bystander signalling suggests that such exposure results in death or mutation in roughly a third of all somatic or genetic stem cells intercepted by a radiation track.
One high-impact consequence of this is that a small proportion of the descendants of these irradiated cells may become cancerous and kill the individual.
Other consequences are that the general loss of cells to the organism may result in both specific and general impairment of health.
Third, these effects in germline cells are not restricted to the exposed individual and may be passed on to the next generation.
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Protesta antinuclear, que vale por ocho, un mes después de Fukushima Hoy se cumple un mes desde que se iniciara el accidente nuclear de Fukushima, y sigue sin estar controlado. Un mes ya y, a pesar de todos los intentos realizados, aún no se ha logrado...
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